18.2. FreeBSD Update

´ó¹Æ: Tom Rhodes. ¥Ù¡¼¥¹¤È¤Ê¤Ã¤¿¥Î¡¼¥È¤ÎÄó¶¡: Colin Percival.

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¸½ºß¤Î FreeBSD ¤Ç¤Ï freebsd-update ¤È¸Æ¤Ð¤ì¤ë¥æ¡¼¥Æ¥£¥ê¥Æ¥£¤¬Äɲ䵤졢¾õ¶·¤ÏÊѤï¤ê¤Þ¤·¤¿¡£ ¤³¤Î¥æ¡¼¥Æ¥£¥ê¥Æ¥£¤Ï 2 ¤Ä¤Îµ¡Ç½¤ò»ý¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£ Âè°ì¤Ë¡¢FreeBSD ¥Ù¡¼¥¹¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Î¥Ó¥ë¥É¤ä¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤ò¹Ô¤¦¤³¤È¤Ê¤¯¡¢ ¥Ð¥¤¥Ê¥ê¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ¥»¥­¥å¥ê¥Æ¥£¤ª¤è¤Ó eratta ¥¢¥Ã¥×¥Ç¡¼¥È¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹¡£ ÂèÆó¤Ë¡¢¤³¤Î¥æ¡¼¥Æ¥£¥ê¥Æ¥£¤Ï¥Þ¥¤¥Ê¡¼¤ª¤è¤Ó¥á¥¸¥ã¡¼¥ê¥ê¡¼¥¹¤Î¥¢¥Ã¥×¥°¥ì¡¼¥É¤ËÂбþ¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£

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18.2.1. ÀßÄê¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë

ÀßÄê¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë /etc/freebsd-update.conf ¤ò¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤«¤é¤­¤áºÙ¤«¤¯Ä´À°¤·¤Æ¡¢ ¥¢¥Ã¥×¥Ç¡¼¥È¥×¥í¥»¥¹¤òÀ©¸æ¤¹¤ë¥æ¡¼¥¶¤â¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£ ¤³¤Îºî¶È¤ÏÎɤ¯Ê¸½ñ²½¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¤¬¡¢ °Ê²¼¤Î¤¤¤¯¤Ä¤«¤Î¹àÌܤˤĤ¤¤Æ¤ÏÀâÌÀ¤¬É¬ÍפǤ·¤ç¤¦¡£

# Components of the base system which should be kept updated.
Components src world kernel

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# Paths which start with anything matching an entry in an IgnorePaths
# statement will be ignored.
IgnorePaths

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# Paths which start with anything matching an entry in an UpdateIfUnmodified
# statement will only be updated if the contents of the file have not been
# modified by the user (unless changes are merged; see below).
UpdateIfUnmodified /etc/ /var/ /root/ /.cshrc /.profile

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# When upgrading to a new FreeBSD release, files which match MergeChanges
# will have any local changes merged into the version from the new release.
MergeChanges /etc/ /var/named/etc/

freebsd-update ¤¬¥Þ¡¼¥¸¤¹¤Ù¤­¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤¬Â¸ºß¤¹¤ë¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤Î°ìÍ÷¤Ç¤¹¡£ ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Î¥Þ¡¼¥¸¤Î¥×¥í¥»¥¹¤Ï¡¢ mergemaster(8) ¤ÈƱÍÍ diff(1) ¥Ñ¥Ã¥Á¤ÎϢ³¤Ç¤¹¡£ ¥Þ¡¼¥¸¤ò¾µÇ§¤¹¤ë¤«¡¢¥¨¥Ç¥£¥¿¤òµ¯Æ°¤¹¤ë¤«¡¢ freebsd-update ¤òÃæÃǤ¹¤ë¤«¤É¤¦¤«¤òÁª¤ó¤Ç¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤¡£ ¤â¤·¡¢¿´ÇÛ¤ÊÅÀ¤¬¤¢¤ì¤Ð¡¢ /etc ¤ò¥Ð¥Ã¥¯¥¢¥Ã¥×¤·¤Æ¤«¤é¥Þ¡¼¥¸¤ò¾µÇ§¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤¡£ mergemaster ¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤Î¾ÜºÙ¤Ê¾ðÊó¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Ï¡¢ 項18.7.12.1 ¤Ç³Îǧ¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤¡£

# Directory in which to store downloaded updates and temporary
# files used by FreeBSD Update.
# WorkDir /var/db/freebsd-update

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# When upgrading between releases, should the list of Components be
# read strictly (StrictComponents yes) or merely as a list of components
# which *might* be installed of which FreeBSD Update should figure out
# which actually are installed and upgrade those (StrictComponents no)?
# StrictComponents no

yes ¤ËÀßÄꤹ¤ë¤È¡¢ freebsd-update ¤Ï Components ¤Î¥ê¥¹¥È¤¬´°Á´¤ËÀµ¤·¤¤¤ÈȽÃǤ·¡¢ ¤³¤Î¥ê¥¹¥È°Ê³°¤ÎÊѹ¹ÅÀ¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Ï¼è¤ê°·¤¤¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£ freebsd-update ¤Ï¡¢¸úΨŪ¤Ë Components ¥ê¥¹¥È¤Ë°¤¹¤ë¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ò¥¢¥Ã¥×¥Ç¡¼¥È¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£

18.2.2. ¥»¥­¥å¥ê¥Æ¥£¥Ñ¥Ã¥Á

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# freebsd-update fetch
# freebsd-update install

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@daily                                  root    freebsd-update cron

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# freebsd-update rollback

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注意: freebsd-update ¤Ï¡¢ ¾ï¤Ë¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤ò¥¢¥Ã¥×¥Ç¡¼¥È¤¹¤ë¤È¤Ï¸Â¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£ freebsd-update install ¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¥½¡¼¥¹¤¬Êѹ¹¤µ¤ì¤Ê¤«¤Ã¤¿¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤Ï¡¢ ¥«¥¹¥¿¥à¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤òºÆ¹½ÃÛ¤¹¤ëɬÍפϤ¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£ ¤·¤«¤·¤Ê¤¬¤é freebsd-update ¤Ï¡¢ /usr/src/sys/conf/newvers.sh ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ò¾ï¤Ë¥¢¥Ã¥×¥Ç¡¼¥È¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£ ¤³¤ì¤Ï¡¢¸½ºß¤Î¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Î¥Ñ¥Ã¥Á¥ì¥Ù¥ë (uname -r ¤¬ -p ¤Çɽ¼¨¤¹¤ëÈÖ¹æ) ¤ò¼¨¤¹ºÝ¤Ë»²¾È¤µ¤ì¤ë¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ç¤¹¡£ ¤½¤Î¤¿¤á¡¢²¿¤âÊѹ¹¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¾ì¹ç¤Ç¤â¡¢¥«¥¹¥¿¥à¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤òºÆ¹½ÃÛ¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ë¤è¤ê¡¢ uname(1) ¤¬¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤ÎÀµ³Î¤Ê¥Ñ¥Ã¥Á¥ì¥Ù¥ë¤òÊó¹ð¤¹¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£ ³Æ¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ë¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥¢¥Ã¥×¥Ç¡¼¥È¤ò¤¹¤Ð¤ä¤¯ÇÄ°®¤Ç¤­¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¤Î¤Ç¡¢ ÆäËÊ£¿ô¤Î¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤ò´ÉÍý¤¹¤ë¤È¤­¤Ë½õ¤±¤È¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£

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FreeBSD ¤Î¥Þ¥¤¥Ê¡¼¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó´Ö¤Î¥¢¥Ã¥×¥°¥ì¡¼¥É¡¢ ¤¿¤È¤¨¤Ð¡¢FreeBSD 9.0 ¤«¤é FreeBSD 9.1 ¤Ø¤Î¥¢¥Ã¥×¥°¥ì¡¼¥É¤Ï¡¢ ¥Þ¥¤¥Ê¡¼¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó ¥¢¥Ã¥×¥°¥ì¡¼¥É¤È¸Æ¤Ð¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡£ Ä̾ï¤Ï¡¢¥Þ¥¤¥Ê¡¼¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó¤Î¥¢¥Ã¥×¥°¥ì¡¼¥É¤ò¹Ô¤Ã¤¿¸å¤Ç¤â¡¢ ¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥¢¥×¥ê¥±¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó¤ÏÌäÂê¤Ê¤¯Æ°¤­¤Þ¤¹¡£

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# portupgrade -af

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18.2.3.1.1. FreeBSD 8.X °ÊÁ°¤Î¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ë¤ª¤±¤ë¥«¥¹¥¿¥à¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë

GENERIC ¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤¬ /boot/GENERIC ¤ËÃÖ¤«¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ëɬÍפ¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£ ¤â¤· GENERIC ¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤¬¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ë¸ºß¤·¤Ê¤¤¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤Ï¡¢ °Ê²¼¤Î¤É¤ì¤«¤ÎÊýË¡¤ÇÍÑ°Õ¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤¡£

  • ¤¿¤À°ìÅÙ¤À¤±¥«¥¹¥¿¥à¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤ò¹½ÃÛ¤·¤¿¤Î¤Ç¤¢¤ì¤Ð¡¢ /boot/kernel.old ¤Ï GENERIC ¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤½¤Î¤â¤Î¤Ç¤¹¡£ ¤¿¤Àñ¤Ë¤³¤Î¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤Î̾Á°¤ò /boot/GENERIC ¤Ø¤ÈÊѹ¹¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤¡£

  • ¥³¥ó¥Ô¥å¡¼¥¿¤Ø¤ÎʪÍýŪ¤Ê¥¢¥¯¥»¥¹¤¬²Äǽ¤Ç¤¢¤ì¤Ð¡¢ CD-ROM ¥á¥Ç¥£¥¢¤«¤é GENERIC ¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤ò¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹¡£ ¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¤òÁÞÆþ¤·¤Æ¡¢°Ê²¼¤Î¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤¡£

    # mount /cdrom
    # cd /cdrom/X.Y-RELEASE/kernels
    # ./install.sh GENERIC
    

    ¤³¤³¤Ç X.Y-RELEASE ¤ò¼ÂºÝ¤Î¥ê¥ê¡¼¥¹ÈÖ¹æ¤ËÃÖ¤­´¹¤¨¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤¡£ GENERIC ¤Ï¡¢¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ç /boot/GENERIC ¤Ë¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡£

  • ¾åµ­¤ÎÊýË¡¤¬¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¼ºÇÔ¤¹¤ë¤Î¤Ç¤¢¤ì¤Ð¡¢ GENERIC ¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤ò¥½¡¼¥¹¤«¤éºÆ¹½ÃÛ¤·¤Æ¡¢ ¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤¡£

    # cd /usr/src
    # env DESTDIR=/boot/GENERIC make kernel __MAKE_CONF=/dev/null SRCCONF=/dev/null
    # mv /boot/GENERIC/boot/kernel/* /boot/GENERIC
    # rm -rf /boot/GENERIC/boot
    

    freebsd-update ¤Ï¡¢¤³¤Î¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤ò GENERIC ¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤È¤·¤Æ°·¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£ GENERIC ¥³¥ó¥Õ¥£¥°¥ì¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ï¡¢ ¤È¤Ë¤«¤¯Êѹ¹¤·¤Æ¤Ï¤¤¤±¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£ ¤Þ¤¿¡¢ÆÃÊ̤ʥª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤ò»ØÄꤷ¤Ê¤¤¤Ç¹½ÃÛ¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤¡£

¤³¤Î»þÅÀ¤Ç GENERIC ¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤ÇºÆµ¯Æ°¤¹¤ëɬÍפϤ¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£

18.2.3.1.2. FreeBSD 9.X °Ê¹ß¤Î¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ë¤ª¤±¤ë¥«¥¹¥¿¥à¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë

  • ¤¿¤À°ìÅÙ¤À¤±¥«¥¹¥¿¥à¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤ò¹½ÃÛ¤·¤¿¤Î¤Ç¤¢¤ì¤Ð¡¢ /boot/kernel.old ¤Ï GENERIC ¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤½¤Î¤â¤Î¤Ç¤¹¡£ ¤¿¤Àñ¤Ë¤³¤Î¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤Î̾Á°¤ò /boot/kernel ¤Ø¤ÈÊѹ¹¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤¡£

  • ¥³¥ó¥Ô¥å¡¼¥¿¤Ø¤ÎʪÍýŪ¤Ê¥¢¥¯¥»¥¹¤¬²Äǽ¤Ç¤¢¤ì¤Ð¡¢ CD-ROM ¥á¥Ç¥£¥¢¤«¤é GENERIC ¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤ò¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹¡£ ¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¤òÁÞÆþ¤·¤Æ¡¢°Ê²¼¤Î¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤¡£

    # mount /cdrom
    # cd /cdrom/usr/freebsd-dist
    # tar -C/ -xvf kernel.txz boot/kernel/kernel
    
  • ¾åµ­¤ÎÊýË¡¤¬¼ºÇÔ¤¹¤ë¤Î¤Ç¤¢¤ì¤Ð¡¢ GENERIC ¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤ò¥½¡¼¥¹¤«¤éºÆ¹½ÃÛ¤·¤Æ¡¢ ¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤¡£

    # cd /usr/src
    # make kernel __MAKE_CONF=/dev/null SRCCONF=/dev/null
    

    freebsd-update ¤Ï¡¢¤³¤Î¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤ò GENERIC ¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤È¤·¤Æ°·¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£ GENERIC ¥³¥ó¥Õ¥£¥°¥ì¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ï¡¢ ¤È¤Ë¤«¤¯Êѹ¹¤·¤Æ¤Ï¤¤¤±¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£ ¤Þ¤¿¡¢ÆÃÊ̤ʥª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤ò»ØÄꤷ¤Ê¤¤¤Ç¹½ÃÛ¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤¡£

¤³¤Î»þÅÀ¤Ç GENERIC ¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤ÇºÆµ¯Æ°¤¹¤ëɬÍפϤ¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£

18.2.3.2. ¥¢¥Ã¥×¥°¥ì¡¼¥É¤ò¹Ô¤¦

freebsd-update ¤Ë¤è¤ë¥á¥¸¥ã¡¼¡¢¤Þ¤¿¤Ï¥Þ¥¤¥Ê¡¼¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó¤Î¥¢¥Ã¥×¥Ç¡¼¥È¤Ç¤Ï¡¢ ¥ê¥ê¡¼¥¹¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó¤ò¥¿¡¼¥²¥Ã¥È¤Ë¤·¤Æ¼Â¹Ô¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£ ¤¿¤È¤¨¤Ð¡¢FreeBSD 8.1 ¤Ë¥¢¥Ã¥×¥Ç¡¼¥È¤¹¤ë¤Ë¤Ï°Ê²¼¤Î¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤¡£

# freebsd-update -r 8.1-RELEASE upgrade

¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤¹¤ë¤È¡¢freebsd-update ¤ÏÀßÄê¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤È¸½ºß¤Î¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤òɾ²Á¤·¡¢ ¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤ò¥¢¥Ã¥×¥Ç¡¼¥È¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤ËɬÍפʾðÊó¤ò¼ý½¸¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£ ²èÌ̤ˤϡ¢¤É¤Î¥³¥ó¥Ý¡¼¥Í¥ó¥È¤¬Ç§¼±¤µ¤ì¡¢ ¤É¤Î¥³¥ó¥Ý¡¼¥Í¥ó¥È¤¬Ç§¼±¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¤«¤È¤¤¤Ã¤¿¥ê¥¹¥È¤¬É½¼¨¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡£ ¤¿¤È¤¨¤Ð°Ê²¼¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ëɽ¼¨¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡£

Looking up update.FreeBSD.org mirrors... 1 mirrors found.
Fetching metadata signature for 8.0-RELEASE from update1.FreeBSD.org... done.
Fetching metadata index... done.
Inspecting system... done.

The following components of FreeBSD seem to be installed:
kernel/smp src/base src/bin src/contrib src/crypto src/etc src/games
src/gnu src/include src/krb5 src/lib src/libexec src/release src/rescue
src/sbin src/secure src/share src/sys src/tools src/ubin src/usbin
world/base world/info world/lib32 world/manpages

The following components of FreeBSD do not seem to be installed:
kernel/generic world/catpages world/dict world/doc world/games
world/proflibs

Does this look reasonable (y/n)? y

¤³¤³¤Ç¡¢freebsd-update ¤Ï¥¢¥Ã¥×¥°¥ì¡¼¥É¤ËɬÍפʤ¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ò¥À¥¦¥ó¥í¡¼¥É¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£ ²¿¤ò¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤·¡¢¤É¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¿Ê¤à¤«¤È¤¤¤Ã¤¿¼ÁÌä¤ò¤µ¤ì¤ë¤³¤È¤â¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£

¥«¥¹¥¿¥à¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤È¡¢ ¾åµ­¤Î¥¹¥Æ¥Ã¥×¤Ç°Ê²¼¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê·Ù¹ð¤¬É½¼¨¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡£

WARNING: This system is running a "MYKERNEL" kernel, which is not a
kernel configuration distributed as part of FreeBSD 8.0-RELEASE.
This kernel will not be updated: you MUST update the kernel manually
before running "/usr/sbin/freebsd-update install"

¤³¤Î»þÅÀ¤Ç¤Ï¤³¤Î·Ù¹ð¤ò̵»ë¤·¤Æ¤â¤«¤Þ¤¤¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£ ¥¢¥Ã¥×¥Ç¡¼¥È¤µ¤ì¤¿ GENERIC ¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤Ï¡¢ ¥¢¥Ã¥×¥°¥ì¡¼¥É¥×¥í¥»¥¹¤ÎÅÓÃæ¤ÇÍøÍѤµ¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡£

¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î¥Ñ¥Ã¥Á¤¬¥í¡¼¥«¥ë¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ø¥À¥¦¥ó¥í¡¼¥É¤µ¤ì¤¿¤é¡¢ ¼¡¤Ë¥Ñ¥Ã¥Á¤¬Å¬ÍѤµ¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡£ ¤³¤Î¥×¥í¥»¥¹¤Ë¤«¤«¤ë»þ´Ö¤Ï¥³¥ó¥Ô¥å¡¼¥¿¤ÎÀ­Ç½¤È¥ï¡¼¥¯¥í¡¼¥É¤Ë°Í¸¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£ ¤½¤Î¸å¡¢ÀßÄê¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤¬¥Þ¡¼¥¸¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡£ ¤³¤Î¥×¥í¥»¥¹¤Ç¤Ï¡¢¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ò¥Þ¡¼¥¸¤¹¤ë¤«¡¢ ²èÌ̾å¤Ë¥¨¥Ç¥£¥¿¤òΩ¤Á¾å¤²¤Æ¼êÆ°¤Ç¥Þ¡¼¥¸¤¹¤ë¤«¤ò¿Ò¤Í¤é¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡£ ¥×¥í¥»¥¹¤´¤È¤Ë¡¢¥Þ¡¼¥¸¤ËÀ®¸ù¤·¤¿¾ðÊ󤬥桼¥¶¤Ë¼¨¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡£ ¥Þ¡¼¥¸¤Ë¼ºÇÔ¤·¤¿¤ê¡¢Ìµ»ë¤·¤¿¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤Ï¡¢¥×¥í¥»¥¹¤¬ÃæÃǤ·¤Þ¤¹¡£ ¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ¤Ï /etc ¤Î¥Ð¥Ã¥¯¥¢¥Ã¥×¤ò¼è¤ê¡¢ master.passwd ¤ä group ¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê½ÅÍפʥե¡¥¤¥ë¤ò¸å¤Ç¼êÆ°¤Ç¥Þ¡¼¥¸¤¹¤ëÊý¤â¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£

注意: ¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î¥Ñ¥Ã¥Á¤ÏÊ̤Υǥ£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤Ç¥Þ¡¼¥¸¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤ª¤ê¡¢ ¤Þ¤À¡¢¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ë¤ÏÈ¿±Ç¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£ ¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î¥Ñ¥Ã¥Á¤¬Àµ¤·¤¯Å¬ÍѤµ¤ì¡¢ ¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤ÎÀßÄê¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤¬¥Þ¡¼¥¸¤µ¤ì¤Æ¥×¥í¥»¥¹¤¬¥¹¥à¡¼¥º¤Ë¿Ê¤ó¤Ç¤¤¤ë»þ¤Ë¤Ï¡¢ ¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Ë¤è¤ëÊѹ¹ÅÀ¤Î¥³¥ß¥Ã¥È¤ÏɬÍפ¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£

¤³¤Î¥×¥í¥»¥¹¤¬½ª¤ï¤Ã¤¿¤é¡¢ °Ê²¼¤Î¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤òÍѤ¤¤Æ¡¢¥¢¥Ã¥×¥°¥ì¡¼¥É¤ò¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¤ËÈ¿±Ç¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤¡£

# freebsd-update install

¥Ñ¥Ã¥Á¤ÏºÇ½é¤Ë¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤È¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¥â¥¸¥å¡¼¥ë¤ËÂФ·¤ÆÅö¤Æ¤é¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡£ ¤³¤³¤Ç¥³¥ó¥Ô¥å¡¼¥¿¤òºÆµ¯Æ°¤¹¤ëɬÍפ¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£ ¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤¬¥«¥¹¥¿¥à¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤Ï¡¢ nextboot(8) ¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¼¡²ó¤ÎºÆµ¯Æ°»þ¤Î¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤ò (¥¢¥Ã¥×¥Ç¡¼¥È¤µ¤ì¤¿) /boot/GENERIC ¤ËÊѹ¹¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤¡£

# nextboot -k GENERIC

警告GENERIC ¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤ÇºÆµ¯Æ°¤¹¤ëÁ°¤Ë¡¢ ¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤¬Å¬Àڤ˵¯Æ°¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤ËɬÍ×¤Ê (¤â¤·¥³¥ó¥Ô¥å¡¼¥¿¤Ë¥ê¥â¡¼¥È¤Ç¥¢¥¯¥»¥¹¤·¤Æ¥¢¥Ã¥×¥Ç¡¼¥È¤·¤Æ¤¤¤¿¤Î¤Ç¤¢¤ì¤Ð¡¢ ¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯Àܳ¤ËɬÍפÊ) ¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î¥É¥é¥¤¥Ð¤¬´Þ¤Þ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤³¤È¤ò³Îǧ¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤¡£ Æäˡ¢¤³¤ì¤Þ¤Ç¤Ë¼Â¹Ô¤·¤Æ¤¤¤¿¥«¥¹¥¿¥à¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤¬ (Ä̾ï¤Ï¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¥â¥¸¥å¡¼¥ë¤È¤·¤ÆÄ󶡤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë) ¥Ó¥ë¥ÉºÑ¤ß¤Îµ¡Ç½¤ò´Þ¤ó¤Ç¤¤¤ë¤Î¤Ç¤¢¤ì¤Ð¡¢ ¤³¤ì¤é¤Î¥â¥¸¥å¡¼¥ë¤ò°ì»þŪ¤Ë /boot/loader.conf ¤Îµ¡Ç½¤òÍѤ¤¤Æ¡¢ GENERIC ¤Ø¤ÈÆɤ߹þ¤ó¤Ç¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤¡£ ¥¢¥Ã¥×¥°¥ì¡¼¥É¥×¥í¥»¥¹¤¬½ª¤ï¤ë¤Þ¤Ç¤Ï¡¢ ½ÅÍפǤϤʤ¤¥µ¡¼¥Ó¥¹¤ò̵¸ú¤Ë¤·¡¢ ¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¤ä¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯¤Î¥Þ¥¦¥ó¥È¤Ê¤É¤ÏÈò¤±¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤¡£

¥¢¥Ã¥×¥Ç¡¼¥È¤µ¤ì¤¿¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤Ç¥³¥ó¥Ô¥å¡¼¥¿¤òºÆµ¯Æ°¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤¡£

# shutdown -r now

¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤¬¥ª¥ó¥é¥¤¥ó¤ËÌá¤Ã¤¿¤é¡¢ freebsd-update ¤òºÆ¤Ó¼Â¹Ô¤¹¤ëɬÍפ¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£ ¥¢¥Ã¥×¥Ç¡¼¥È¥×¥í¥»¥¹¤Î¾õÂÖ¤ÏÊݸ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Î¤Ç¡¢ freebsd-update ¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤¹¤ë¤È¡¢ºÇ½é¤«¤é¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¯¡¢ ¸Å¤¤¶¦Í­¥é¥¤¥Ö¥é¥ê¤È¥ª¥Ö¥¸¥§¥¯¥È¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤òºï½ü¤¹¤ë¥×¥í¥»¥¹¤«¤é»Ï¤Þ¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£ ¤³¤Î¥¹¥Æ¡¼¥¸¤ò³¹Ô¤¹¤ë¤Ë¤Ï¡¢°Ê²¼¤Î¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤¡£

# freebsd-update install

注意: »ÈÍѤ·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥é¥¤¥Ö¥é¥ê¤Î¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥óÈÖ¹æ¤ÎÉÕ¤±¤é¤ìÊý¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ¡¢ 3 ¤Ä¤Î¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¥Õ¥§¡¼¥º¤¬ 2 ¤Ä¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¾ì¹ç¤â¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£

18.2.3.3. ¥á¥¸¥ã¡¼¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó¥¢¥Ã¥×¥°¥ì¡¼¥É¸å¤Î ports ¤ÎºÆ¹½ÃÛ

¥á¥¸¥ã¡¼¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó¥¢¥Ã¥×¥°¥ì¡¼¥É¤ò¹Ô¤Ã¤¿¸å¤Ç¤Ï¡¢ ¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î¥µ¡¼¥É¥Ñ¡¼¥Æ¥£À½¤Î¥½¥Õ¥È¥¦¥§¥¢¤òºÆ¹½ÃÛ¤·¡¢ ºÆ¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤¹¤ëɬÍפ¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£ ¤³¤Îºî¶È¤¬É¬ÍפʤΤϡ¢¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥½¥Õ¥È¥¦¥§¥¢¤¬¡¢ ¥¢¥Ã¥×¥°¥ì¡¼¥É¤ÎºÝ¤Ëºï½ü¤µ¤ì¤¿¥é¥¤¥Ö¥é¥ê¤Ë°Í¸¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë²ÄǽÀ­¤¬¤¢¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ç¤¹¡£ ports-mgmt/portupgrade ¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤Ï¡¢¤³¤Î¥×¥í¥»¥¹¤ò¼«Æ°²½¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£ °Ê²¼¤Î¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤Ç¡¢¤³¤Î¥×¥í¥»¥¹¤ò³«»Ï¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£

# portupgrade -f ruby
# rm /var/db/pkg/pkgdb.db
# portupgrade -f ruby18-bdb
# rm /var/db/pkg/pkgdb.db /usr/ports/INDEX-*.db
# portupgrade -af

¤³¤Îºî¶È¤Î½ªÎ»¸å¡¢ºÇ¸å¤Ë¤â¤¦°ìÅÙ freebsd-update ¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤¹¤ë¤È¡¢¥¢¥Ã¥×¥°¥ì¡¼¥É¤Î¥×¥í¥»¥¹¤¬´°Î»¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£ °Ê²¼¤Î¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤Ç¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î¥¢¥Ã¥×¥°¥ì¡¼¥É¥×¥í¥»¥¹¤Î¤ä¤ê»Ä¤·ºî¶È¤¬¹Ô¤ï¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡£

# freebsd-update install

GENERIC ¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤ò°ì»þŪ¤ËÆɤ߹þ¤ó¤Ç¤¤¤¿¤Î¤Ç¤¢¤ì¤Ð¡¢ ¤³¤³¤Ç¡¢Ä̾ï¤ÎÊýË¡¤òÍѤ¤¤Æ¿·¤·¤¤¥«¥¹¥¿¥à¤ò¹½ÃÛ¤·¡¢¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤¡£

¥³¥ó¥Ô¥å¡¼¥¿¤òºÆµ¯Æ°¤·¡¢¿·¤·¤¤ FreeBSD ¤òΩ¤Á¾å¤²¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤¡£ ¤³¤ì¤Ç¥¢¥Ã¥×¥°¥ì¡¼¥É¤Î¥×¥í¥»¥¹¤Ï´°Î»¤Ç¤¹¡£

18.2.4. ¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Î¾õÂÖ¤ÎÈæ³Ó

freebsd-update ¥æ¡¼¥Æ¥£¥ê¥Æ¥£¤òÍѤ¤¤Æ¡¢ ¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë FreeBSD ¤Î¾õÂ֤ȡ¢ Àµ¤·¤¯Æ°ºî¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬Ê¬¤«¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¾õÂ֤ȤòÈæ³Ó¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹¡£ ¤³¤Î¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ï¡¢¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Î¥æ¡¼¥Æ¥£¥ê¥Æ¥£¡¢¥é¥¤¥Ö¥é¥ê¡¢ ÀßÄê¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤òɾ²Á¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£ Èæ³Ó¤ò¹Ô¤¦¤Ë¤Ï¡¢°Ê²¼¤Î¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤¡£

# freebsd-update IDS >> outfile.ids

警告¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¥é¥¤¥ó̾¤Ï IDS ¤Ç¤¹¤¬¡¢ security/snort ¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê¿¯Æþ¸¡ÃÎ¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤ÎÃÖ¤­´¹¤¨¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¤â¤Î¤Ç¤Ï¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£ freebsd-update ¤Ï¥Ç¡¼¥¿¤ò¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¤ËÊݸ¤¹¤ë¤Î¤Ç¡¢ ÉÔÀµ¤ÊÊѹ¹¤¬¹Ô¤ï¤ì¤ë²ÄǽÀ­¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£ kern.securelevel ¤ÎÀßÄê¤È¡¢ freebsd-update ¤Î¥Ç¡¼¥¿¤ò»ÈÍѤ·¤Ê¤¤¤È¤­¤Ë¡¢ Æɤ߼è¤ê¤Î¤ß¤Îµö²Ä°À­¤ËÀßÄꤵ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤ËÃÖ¤¯¤³¤È¤Ç¡¢ ÉÔÀµ¤ÊÊѹ¹¤Î²ÄǽÀ­¤òÄ㤯¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹¤¬¡¢ ¤è¤ê¤è¤¤²ò·èÊýË¡¤Ï¡¢ DVD ¤Þ¤¿¤Ï°ÂÁ´¤ËÊݸ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë³°Éô USB ¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê°ÂÁ´¤Ê¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¤È¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤òÈæ³Ó¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ç¤¹¡£

¤³¤Î¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤¹¤ë¤È¡¢¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ï¸¡ºº¤µ¤ì¡¢ ¥ê¥ê¡¼¥¹¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Î sha256(1) ¥Ï¥Ã¥·¥åÃͤȸ½ºß¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Î¥Ï¥Ã¥·¥åÃͤ¬¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Î°ìÍ÷¤È¶¦¤Ëɽ¼¨¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡£ ¤³¤ì¤¬ outfile.ids ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ë½ÐÎϤ¹¤ëÍýͳ¤Ç¤¹¡£ ÌܤÇÈæ³Ó¤¹¤ë¤Ë¤Ï¤È¤Æ¤âÁ᤯¥¹¥¯¥í¡¼¥ë¤·¡¢ ¥³¥ó¥½¡¼¥ë¥Ð¥Ã¥Õ¥¡¤ò¤¤¤Ã¤Ñ¤¤¤ËËþ¤¿¤·¤Æ¤·¤Þ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£

¤³¤ì¤é¤Î¹Ô¤Ï¶Ë¤á¤ÆŤ¤¤Î¤Ç¤¹¤¬¡¢½ÐÎÏ·Á¼°¤Ï´Êñ¤Ë¤¹¤°¤Ë²òÀϤǤ­¤Þ¤¹¡£ ¤¿¤È¤¨¤Ð¡¢¤³¤ì¤é¤Î¥ê¥ê¡¼¥¹¤Ç°Û¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤òÃΤꤿ¤¤¤Î¤Ç¤¢¤ì¤Ð¡¢ °Ê²¼¤Î¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤¡£

# cat outfile.ids | awk '{ print $1 }' | more
/etc/master.passwd
/etc/motd
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